Climate and water availability
A. The state of climate change Kyrgyzskoy Republic
Climate is an important factor in continuously operating environment, affecting the daily living conditions and livelihoods. Climatic range of weather does not remain constant but varies continuously, obeying the laws of evolution of the complex climate system. If the climatic conditions of the lowland areas are relatively well studied, the climates of the mountains, including the Tien Shan, explored far enough. But that mountain climates have the highest complexity and severity of many of its targets. Kyrgyzstan, which occupies the main part of the Tien Shan, on his elevation (average elevation of the ridge line of many mountain ranges – 3.5-4 km and more) is on the 5th place among the most mountainous regions in the world, second only to the Himalayas, Karakoram, Hindu Kush and Pamir. While in the area of the foothills are moderately warm, even close to the subtropical climate, at altitudes of permanent residence of the population (up to 2.5-3 km), they become severe, and even higher – an extremely severe.
A negative consequence of increasing the height of the mountains is the oxygen starvation of the body. If the sea level of oxygen in the air corresponds to the partial pressure of 200 hPa, then the height it falls rapidly and Kyrgyzstan can be reduced in half to two times at altitudes of about 2 km and more than 4 km. This creates a difficult and even unbearable bioclimatic conditions for many groups. Another negative factor is the bioclimatic low winter temperatures combined with strong winds. Their combined effect can be characterized by the equivalent temperature of the cooling wind shown in Table 1. As you can see, the air temperature -20