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Tourism and development of mountain territories of the Republic
A. The potential of mountain areas for tourism development
Kyrgyzstan has a unique natural, historic and cultural resources of interest to the development of tourism as an independent and promising sectors of the economy. In the future, tourism could become a major source of foreign exchange revenues of the republic, in connection with which tourism is recognized as a priority direction of the economy Kyrgyzskoy Republic as a whole.
Using the unique potential of natural and cultural heritage of Kyrgyzstan should be harmoniously integrated into the tourism industry of the world economy and to achieve the intensive development of tourism in the country, ensuring steady growth in employment and incomes and stimulate tourism related industries.
Travel industry – one of the fastest growing industries in the world economy, which accounts for about 6% of global gross domestic product and 5% of all tax revenues. As a result of market reforms in Kyrgyzstan has already formed market of tourist services. The number of travel companies is growing every year. Entrepreneurship in the tourism industry at the present time there are about 200 private tourism companies, including the reception of tourists (tour operators) – 56 companies for sending (travel agents) -144. During 1999 the total number of tourists reached 169 thousand, against 119 thousand in 1998, with domestic tourism covered 61.5 thousand people.
As a result of the dynamics of the travel agencies of Kyrgyzstan visits by foreign tourists is increasing every year by an average of 12-14%. The budget of the republic as government fees and taxes annually receives about 10 million soms. Scope of services is about 60 million soms. Revenue from tourism only in 1999, according to the National Statistics Committee, amounted to more than 14 million U.S. dollars.
Tourism industry contributes to the development of industry and economy of the state, in particular, transportation, hospitality services, construction, banking, manufacturing souvenirs and much drugogo.Turizm may influence the restoration of urban and rural areas, the preservation or regeneration of existing recreation areas, to protect or improving the local environment, as well as to enhance the economic viability of the local population. First of all, this expansion of employment opportunities, reducing unemployment, improving the general welfare of the people, the development of various professions related to tourism.
Since 1994, Kyrgyzstan is a member of the World Tourism Organization (WTO), a leading international intergovernmental organization representing 125 countries. With the help of international experts from the World Bank developed the Strategy of tourism development in Kyrgyzstan, as well as a master plan for tourism development with the participation of experts from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. However, the real interest in the investment of tourism infrastructure of the republic was not manifested, because of the lack of incentives for foreign investors in the Law On foreign investments.
With the help of the USAID project was funded by the establishment of tourist information center in Karakol and training center for training for the tourism industry. The project is the creation of biosphere territory of Issyk-Kul (GTZ) established travel company, Ecotour.
In order to improve the conditions and the regulatory framework of tourist industry, as a basis for enhancing the capacity of the national competitiveness of the tourist complex, a number of decisions Government of the Kyrghyz Republic on the adoption of rules of movement of persons, goods and other items through the customs border of the Republic of Kyrgyzskoy, a simplified mode of entry and residence Foreign nationals in the country. Adopted by the Law On Tourism and the Concept of denationalization and privatization of the resort and recreation management and tourism, etc. Presidential Decree on September 4, 2000 approved the Concept of development of the tourism industry in the CR until 2010.
The existing infrastructure is currently in the country does not meet the needs of today's fast growing tourism, but it can serve as a basis for creating a modern infrastructure that meets international standards and takes into account the environmental requirements. The level of hotels, transport, food, household and other services not only insufficient, but also becomes a factor in loss of tourism industry. Currently, the country has more than 350 tourist facilities, including resorts, sanatorium, recreation, fitness and children's camps, holiday homes, camp sites and hotels.
According to the classification of the WTO (World Tourism Organization), they are all means of accommodation for tourists and foreign exchange earnings should bear country. However, this is hindered by a number of objective and subjective reasons. The existing resource base of tourism for more than 80% in need of renovation and modernization. Mismatch cost of services quality of service offered to tourists in hotels, insufficient training of staff making them uncompetitive in the international tourism market. Limited choice of housing on the number, type, standard and price is an issue of tourism development in our country. Despite the measures taken to date, there are many as yet unsolved problems and obstacles for the development of the tourism industry in the country.
Problems of development of tourism
Problem 1. Selection of the mountain regions, with recreational mining and tourism value. Some of these regions were identified in 1987. in the preliminary geological compilation of the list of monuments in the south of Kyrgyzstan as Kyrgyzstan (p direction. Ak-Bura, two-humped fold of Devonian rocks in the area of collapse in the Kara-Tau Kassansayskom, ekrozionnye outcrops in the foothills of Chatkal range, etc.), and in the north (old design silver deposits Kumyshtag, Sarymsakov and Tekeli at the Talas Ridge, a complex geological monument of nature in the Boom area at the junction of Kungeyskogo and Kyrgyz ridges). As one of the mining and tourist destinations and routes can be considered an example of the complex geological nature monument (BPU) Boom area (see the layout of monuments of nature and human activities in the area of Boom), located 115 km to 160 km from Bishkek ..
Natural and man-made monuments: № № 1-2-basalt deposits that are suitable for the production of aggregates and mineral wool, № 3 – carboxylic corals and brachiopods, and sometimes entirely substituted galena (lead mineral), № 4 – an ancient copper mine Bala Tegerek with five galleries of the IX century AD (Geological and archaeological sites), № 5 – the dome of the Permian (300 Ma) stratovolcano, black muzzle, and made pink granitopodobnymi rocks, and the wings are composed of orange, red, green, volcanic rocks, № 6, recycled sandstone that looks totally different from granite – on exocontact Kokmoynokskogo intrusive syenite-diorite, № 7 – an ancient lake loam Boom Lake (about 10,000 years) with a petrified stems of ancient plants. Here, geologists in the 50s was discovered the jaw of ancient horses, № 8, petroglyphs, № 9 – gigantozernistye syenites (nordmarkites), the gravel can be collected dresvyanika anorthoclase crystals of 1-10 cm from the lining of the syenite is made to the underpass crossing the street. Manas and Chui, made by the floors in the building of the State Geology Agency CD.
Problem 2. Poor infrastructure and weak material and technical base.
Problem 3. Lack of investment
Problem 4. Lack of training for tourism professionals
Problem 5. Imperfect laws and regulations and existing laws on privatization, investment and tax incentives to attract foreign and domestic capital in the development of tourism infrastructure and simplify customs and visa formalities, etc.
Problem 6. Imperfect system of advertising and information provision and promotion of the national tourist product in the domestic and foreign markets.
Problem 7. The lack of direct air links with a number of other countries and poor service on existing routes, with the result that our potential tourists prefer to use the services of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
Possible ways to solve problems:
– Improvement of legislative base and a steady adherence to it (the State Committee for Foreign Investment and Economic Development);
– Simplify the procedure for entry and stay of foreign tourists;
– Liberalize border and customs requirements and regulations (Government of the Republic of Kyrgyzskoy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, State Customs Committee, Ministry of Defense, National Security, Ministry of Interior);
– Maintenance and distribution of the image of Kyrgyzstan as a country favorable for tourism and business;
– Participation in tourism fairs (expanding tourism ties), reconstruction of existing and construction of new hotels;
– Carrying out the classification and certification of hotels, hostels, boarding houses and holiday homes (Kyrgyzstandard);
– The creation of campsites, family and private pensions;
– Education and training of hotel staff, hotel management reform;
– Reconstruction of highways of the Bishkek-Osh, Bishkek-Naryn-Torugart Balykchy-Bishkek-Karakol, Osh-Irkeshtam, as well as roads leading to the historical and architectural and historical sights of the country (Ministry of Transport and Communications and the local state administration);
– Training of qualified personnel (Ministry of Education, Science and Culture CD Minsotstrud, universities that train specialists in tourism).
Materials prepared by:
Sulaimanova T. A., Deputy Director, State Agency for Tourism and Sport
Beyshembaeva DT, Head of Tourism of the State Agency for Tourism and Sport
Abdukadyrova AK, Deputy Head of Department of Tourism of the State Agency for Tourism and Sport
Tursunbaeva NI, Principal of the State Agency for Tourism and Sport
Supambaev KS, Nach.partii ACS. AF Malyshev, Nach.Geohimicheskogo squad.