The process of creating a National Strategy and Action Plan
National Strategy and Action Plan for sustainable development of mountain areas of Kyrgyzstan (NSiPD) were developed by a working group within the Central Asian Mountain Information Network (CAMIN). Similar documents have been developed both in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. Along with the development and NSiPD RSiPD implemented as a series of seminars. As part of CAMIN was also developed Regional Strategy and Plan of Action for the Sustainable Development of Mountain Areas of Central Asia. In carrying out this work CAMIN was assisted by the International Institute for Mountains (located in the International University of Kyrgyzstan), and the project's technical assistance Regional Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of Mountain Areas in Central Asia» (ADB TA RETA 5878-REG) Asian Development Bank.
It is assumed that the five documents at the national level, regional level and the document will be the starting point of the continuous planning, which in future will involve not only academics, but, gradually, politics, and more importantly, the population of mountain areas, as well as other parties interested in the rational use of mountain resources.
EXISTING CONDITIONS FRAMEWORK
The lack of cooperation between neighboring countries on cross-border solutions of problems leads to the isolation of Kyrgyzstan, which affects the entire economy. The instability of political and economic climate in the country leads to an increase in crime and corruption. In the south of Kyrgyzstan, there is ethnic and religious tensions within the country and on the borders with neighboring states Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and China. The discrepancy in the law and judicial systems of the countries does not always provide legal protection for states, contributes to the fact that Kyrgyzstan is not a favorable investment climate.
One of the components that contribute to an unfavorable investment climate, is an inadequate administrative system, which can not adapt to the economic conditions of the market. The old Soviet system of centralized and hierarchically built by planning and decision-making is still in effect, slowing the process of decentralization of decision making. Still exist some structures of local administration and governance of natural resources, but there is no legal basis for greater participation of local communities. The ability of communities to assume greater responsibility for self-government and natural resource management are still underdeveloped. Knowledge and understanding of the need to protect the environment is not enough or not, although it is extremely necessary as a precondition.
Pre-existing monitoring and control system is currently not working and not replaced with new, more appropriate market-based economic development conditions.
The high level of poverty in the country impedes the development of all sectors. And in the mountainous regions of the poverty level is extremely high, since the coming into force additional factors: the isolation and marginalization of the population. The lack of alternative opportunities for employment leads to the fact that the majority of mountain people forced to engage in agriculture to ensure a minimum subsistence level. This situation is further exacerbated in areas with high population density and small individual plots of land, which is especially characteristic of the south.
Human Resources in Kyrgyzstan suffer from the crisis in the public education system, especially vocational education, which deals more with local communities living in mountainous areas. Extremely negative impact on the development of human resources has a poorly functioning, and in some cases, the general health system is idle.
It should be noted and the positive aspects, Land reform is one of the most advanced in Central Asia. In most cases, large collective farms ceased to exist, giving rise to serious problems in all areas of agriculture (hardware, software, marketing, veterinary services and the credit system), as well as economic problems on a higher economic level, but that is, the however, increased social security of the population provided by the private ownership of land. In the past three years, after a sharp downturn in the early years of independence, has been an increase in agricultural production. But most of the progress in agricultural production is observed only in the plains of Kyrgyzstan, mountain areas made negligible.
A weak state with little financial resources, is unable to take adequate measures to protect the public from natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, avalanches, landslides), the measures taken are limited and often ineffective. Residents of mountain areas have ceased to comply with safety regulations prohibit the construction of housing in areas at risk of possible flooding, making mountain communities even more vulnerable.