The nations living in Kyrgyzstan, differ in size, language, religion, culture and anthropological structure, traditions and customs. In anthropological composition of the population of the republic consists of two races: Mongoloid and Caucasoid. More often in speech and writing are used Turkic and Slavic languages. In the numerical composition of the republic inhabited by millions, thousands, hundred, ten and one or two representatives of the nations. The country is inhabited by not only neighboring countries but also far. For example, Greeks, Bulgarians, Czechs, Iranians, Kurds, Finns, Slovaks, Americans, Arabs, Cubans, Hungarians, Dutch, Assyrians, Vietnamese, Albanian, French, Australians, Croats, and others
According to the census in 1999, most of the population were the Kirghiz – 64,9%. In terms of population in the second place were the Uzbeks – 13.8%, in third place – Russian – 12.5%.
In recent years, natural increase is noticeable and the Kirghiz population of the Central Asian republics: Uzbeks, Tajiks, Uighurs, Kazakhs, although the reduced number of Russian, Germans, Ukrainians, Tatars, Jews. This is explained by migration of individual representatives of nations to their homeland or in connection with the departure of residence in other states. All the nations and nationalities living in the country, constitute the people of Kyrgyzstan. For them, the common goal – to uplift the economy, the formation tion Nat. ideology, the transition to a market of wearing, caring for each person, strengthening friendship between peoples, creation and development of independent, sovereign democratic state.
Kirghiz, as one of the ancient Turkic peoples of Central Asia, are the indigenous people of the country.
According to Russian census population in 1897 leniya Kirghiz were only about 600 thousand people. Their language – state. Kyrgyzskoy language of the Republic. Kirghiz residing throughout the country. However, a more compact settlement of their observed in the Naryn region in the west. part of the Issyk-Kael, east. parts of the Talas and Chui oblasts and in the foothills of the Fergana Valley.
In areas of Chui, Talas and Issyk-Kelskoy areas Kirghiz live together with representatives of other nationalities. By the census in 1999 in the number of Kirghiz Republic amounted to 3128.1 thousand people. In the present context, due to internal migration has increased the number of Kirghiz in the cities.
Russian began arriving in northern Kyrgyzstan to the 60s of the 19th century, and to the south of Kyrgyzstan – since 1893. At this time, Tsarist Russia carried out a colonial policy, and therefore launched a mass migration of Russian into Kyrgyz territory. The second stage of mass displacement was recorded during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45. Together with the largest evacuation in vodov, factories came of highly bathrooms workers, injured, elderly, orphans. Russian live across the country. Regions are densely populated by Russian Chui, east. part of the Issyk-Kael, app. part of the Talas region, all cities of the republic, especially Bishkek.
Uzbeks live in the south-west. Fehr of the Ghanaian Valley even before the emergence of the Kokand khanate. They settled in the territory bordering the Osh and Jalal-Abad region of Kyrgyzstan and the border district of Uzbekistan us. Uzbeks living in the northern. part of Kyrgyzstan, are descendants of the inhabitants of the fortresses of the Kokand khanate.
Table 2. National composition of population
Ukrainians arrived in Kyrgyzstan with the Russian. Most of them are immigrants border regions of Russia and Ukraine (Poltava region). Ukrainians live mostly in the Chui region of Kyrgyzstan and cities, their number amounts to 50.4 thousand.
Tatars migrated to Kyrgyzstan in the early 20th century. They were among the first educators, to-rye discovered on the territory of the Republic of the school and were taught to read and write kyrgyzskuyu youth. Most Tatars live in cities. Among the Tartars many workers, intellectuals and trade workers. In 1999 the population of the republic 45.4 thousand Tatars.
Dungan arrived in Kyrgyzstan in the late 19th century (1877-78) from the north-west. part of China. Because of the rebellion participate in the Chin, they were persecuted, as a result were forced to flee their homeland. Dungan settled mainly in the Chui Valley (Tokmok and villages: Aleksandrovka, Milyanfane, Ken-Bulun) in Issyk-Kelskoy region (Karakol village Yrdyke). Their language is Chinese, Muslim Mansky profess faith. Engaged in farming and trade.
Uighurs migrated to Kyrgyzstan in the 20s of the 20th century. In the 50 years recorded the second stage of their resettlement. They were forced to leave their homeland due to the cultural revolution. Settled mainly in zemledelches FIR p-tries and cities – Bishkek, Tokmok, Karakol.
Kazakhs live with for centuries Kirghiz in the neighborhood, located throughout the territory of Kyrgyzstan. The predominant part of their lives in the Chu and Talas. In general, engaged in animal husbandry and trade.
Nat. minorities living in the territory of the republic, are Tajiks, Turks, Azerbaijanis, Koreans and Germans. The Germans arrived in the republic of the Ukraine and settled in the Talas and Chui oblasts. Later, they began to settle in cities. However, according to census the total population of Germans in Kyrgyzstan in 1989 amounted to 2.4% in 1999 – 0.4%. This is explained by the fact that the Germans were in the majority of their historic homeland.
According to census data (1999), besides the representatives of ethnic Azerbaijanis live in Kyrgyzstan (14.0 thousand), Belarusians (3.2), Jews (1.6), Kalmyks (5.8), the Armenians did not (1 and 4), Bashkirs (2.0), Georgians (0.7), Koreans (19.8), Germans (21.5), Tajiks (42.6), Turks (33.3), Chuvash (0, 8), Greeks (0.7), Moldavians (0.8), Poles (0.8), Roma (1.0), and other nat. (0.2 thousand)..