Social development of the republic is inseparable from the state of mo Nat. economy. The level of the economy determines the measure of social opportunities Nosta state. Social sector remains a priority, despite the difficulties of definiteness in the economic development of the public res. The share of costs from the state. budget for social services remains high – more than 50%. Held in the country but the socio-economic policy based on the fact that since tial well-being is a necessary basis for economic development.
Social protection of population. In sovets cue period, the system state. measures to provide social support to children, mate riam, the elderly and disabled was called social social security. Social insurance as a separate institution with independent state. budget source of funding is almost non-existent. Social functions of social security and social insurance at the time did not actually differ. Social security was carried out by a specially created fund public consumption generated by deductions from wages and taxes. Ensuring universal schuyu employment at low wages, the state pays the cost of reproduction and life risks through low tariffs for housing and other services, free education and health outposts, benefits, pensions, scholarships from the fund for substantially consumption. The mechanism of redistribution of social benefits has been the collective labor curve, as the company reaped contains many objects of social sphere. For legislation on social security regu mulated provision of pensions, compensation, monthly and lump sum benefits. Lee Tsam with no sources of income, disabled 1 and 2 groups with children, under 16 years of age, children of military service is urgent, Noah (depending on the number of children and they live a hundred IU), disabled groups 1 and 2 if they have no means of and the right to pension benefits administered monthly. The other, there schestvovavshy while the form of benefits – is assistance provided in addition to the livelihoods of the ground (for retirement, pay for labor). The purpose of this assistance was to cover additional costs on to the pen-rye and these wages are not enough. This could be the power of one-off (single) and hedgehog month.
Separate types of social security benefits and the liver is the social services: the provision of clinical nutrition, and social, but personal services, care of disabled persons in need of outside help soup, spa treatment and some meditsins services, preparation for labor and employment unit disabled, the content tion and upbringing of children, prosthetics.
There was also a form of social servicing of a mentoring disability nym citizens of the labor collectives in the processing of vegetable gardens, home repair, and you feed division for private livestock.
Appointed and paid to these social pension to disabled persons who have no work experience, at a rate of 50% of the minimal pension. They regulate the provision of pension legislation valos and production were carried out by social security bodies in the community.
The transition to a market economy was accompanied by unemployment, inflation, the increase in the number Nosta poor people who need state. support, and at the same time, insufficient Nosta state. resources to provide this support. There was a need for fundamental variables in the field of social protection.
Since independence, Kyrgyzstan to strengthen county legal framework, laws: On've teranah war, the Armed Forces and home front workers, On State Allowances in Kyrgyzs Coy Republic, On social protection of citizens of the Republic of data Kyrgyzskoy affected by the Chernobyl disaster , On the first statehood guarantees and compensation for those living and working in a highly gorya, On the rights and guarantees GOVERNMENTAL rehabilitated citizens, victims of repression sions, for political or religious beliefs, social, national recognition, and other stone .
The Law of the Kyrgyz Republic On the benefits of statehood for families with children de (1991). In accordance with this law, people with children, without regard to the level of need of the family, appointed the following benefits: maternity leave, re Child Care until the age of 1.5 years, caring for a sick child under the age of 14 years, on the basis of a certificate of incapacity. Stand out: a lump sum at birth and a special child allowance Conscript.
The most significant trends in social policy is the development of the republic system of social protection, social services for elderly and disabled, as well as a wide application in support of the population of modern technologies and methods in social work.
In May 1998, the Law On state. for sobiyah in Kyrgyzskoy Republic. It is supposed to provide the basis woo state. support for the principle CESG need. The law provides for the appointment and payment of the two main types of state. benefits: single, low monthly payments secured by families and individuals (UMB) and co cial benefits. Common nye monthly benefits are paid to the extent that the actual tested, ie, the address but. The social benefit is granted to disabled citizens who have no right to a pension Islands and provides Xia, excluding financial situation. At the present time in every four citizen of the republic is entitled to certain benefits provided by 15 of the Act and separate regulations Pra Kyrgyzskoy ernment of the Republic. Such social benefits to reach the 42 species, and the right to use them have 30 categories of persons. Corresponding legislation of the Republic Day preamplifier Motrin following benefits: discounts on housing and communal services, free and subsidized provision of coal, sanatorium-resort GOVERNMENTAL vouchers, travel benefits, health care skomu, lump-sum cash benefits and compensation for nye.
Another area of social work YaV lyaetsya social services. Social services for elderly and disabled in the present time is carried out at their place of permanent residence tion, and in nursing homes. More than 7.8 thousand elderly people served by social workers Alno home. They are assisted in cleaning apartments, minor repairs, dos tavke Food and Drug Administration. In the 13 nursing homes for the disabled and the elderly (in-patient social services) are more than two thousand people.
In order to improve targeting and konkretiza tion of social assistance, since 2000, in the country at the Ail-okmotu introduce social passport. Filling social sible to make a passport to poverty, and regional maps based on them to develop a regional program of social protection. In the Persian pektive in the field of social protection under conditions that included the preamplifier following steps: 1. The transition from the principle of providing benefits by category to the principle of means testing in the state. supported. Go tovitsya law On state. social lgo Kyrgyzskoy max in the Republic , 2. Perfection of means-testing methodology tion of families in the state. support 3. Increase by 2003 the size of the guaranteed minimum level of consumption leniya by 60%, which allows to increase the amount of benefits 4. The introduction of a mechanism of social protection of the poor in terms of increased rates for electric ronositeli. For social security from raising tariffs for housing and communal services nye today taken a number of measures. Ma loobespechennym families and individuals, are heated by solid fuel (coal), predos nent 30% discount when purchasing fuel, 25% discount if you pay for the use of electric energy and Coy 40% – by paying for gas users tion.
Presidential Decree On additional measures targeted social protection in terms of increased tariffs on elektronositeli (2001), increased by a horny income level from 200 to 300 soms per month for 1 person. for a category of citizens who have ing the right to security fees for elektronositelyam. This gives low-income families and individuals with an average income house up to 300 soms for a family member entitled to compensation if you pay for: heat, hot water and gas. Increased by 20% the size of the state. benefits to poor families in order to increase the guaranteed of minimal level of consumption. Since July 1, 200 Increases the size of the retirement pension adjustment factors by increasing the wage for the calculation of pensions by an average annual growth rate of wages. It is planned to increase the amount of monthly social security benefits by 50%.
Labour market and employment. Prior to re turn to a market economy has been extended universal compulsory labor, and by eq stensivnogo nature of economic development has developed a high level of employment for all but the social and demographic groups.
The transition from planned to market economies has led to a process of reforming the own uniqueness, establishing new relationships in the workplace. Since the early 90s, in the course of economic reforms, the market was formed, with its mixed economy, competition of free pricing. Under these conditions, the labor market is a prerequisite for the functioning of the economy, are prerequisites for the formation of free labor demand and supply. The situation on the labor market is determined, on the one hand, changes in the eco nomic and social spheres, and on the other – problems inherited from the past with socio-economic system.
Since 1998, entered the Law of the Republic of Kyr-tion On the promotion of employment in the village. It guarantees citizens' right to employment, or in case of failure of suitable work, to receive unemployment benefits ployment, the possibility of re-education and training. Effective mechanism for implementation of this Act is to Nat. pro gram, The labor market and employment in Kyrgyzskoy Republic for 1998-2000 and the periods prior to 2005 (Emgek) approved by Resolution leniem Government of the Kyrghyz Republic ki. Population growth over the past 10 years, 352 thousand people. provided the increase in the labor force by 341 thousand people. In 1991 it amounted to 2215 thousand., Then in 1999 – 2556. As a consequence, in the sectors of the economy employed population increased by over bo 21.1 thousand people. DIT occurs continuously re employment between different forms of ownership: individually economy increased by 12.6%, in the state. sector decreased by 10.7%. Official unemployment (with respect to a economically active population) in recent years has remained stable at around 3.1%.
The highest strategic priority now given to an active labor market policies aimed at reducing unemployment and ensuring the effective employment of the population. In order to workmen without employment uses such non-traditional instruments in the labor market as the Association to promote employment, job clubs, youth labor exchanges, job fairs, established and operated business incubators Ry. In the future, bringing the expected proportion of employed 35-40% of all those who applied for work. Dan tive indicator will be achieved through improvement of contacts with employers and the local state. administrations.
Based on the needs of the labor market, unemployment ployed, according to their basic profession and individual characteristics, are professional vocational training and retraining for new professions. The purpose of profes sional training and retraining of the unemployed – increase their competitiveness in the labor market through the acquisition of priority GOVERNMENTAL specialties that are in high demand NAI. Vocational training and retraining of the unemployed is an important tool for their social protection. In 2000, for vocational training was sent to 8.6 thousand unemployed. The effectiveness of vocational training of unemployed people is estimated GOVERNMENTAL primarily indicators lyami their subsequent employment. In 2000, the number of skilled jobs 4,3 thousand people. or 50%. In the future, it is assumed that training and retraining will be a priority for the policy of employment and about 25-30% of the total number of unemployed will benefit from similar Noi opportunity.
The system of initial vocational education is organically linked to the labor market, yes. Every year, towards the centers of employment ty in schools of primary vocational professional education retrained to 5 thousand people. The system of primary professional education in the country today, which includes 115 schools. Total in the initial tion of professional education is now Obu is obtained 26.4 thousand people. of them on the basis of the budget wasps – 21.4 ths. with every third student is in need of social protection. These are children from low-income, large families, disabled people, refugees. Over 1.2 thousand people. – Orphans.
An effective method of reducing tensions on the labor market Nosta is the organization of paid public works aimed at the creation and development of economic and social infrastructure Alno. In paid work for substantially in 2000 were sent to 19.7 thousand.
Payment of unemployment benefits is one of the social measures in the labor market. To date, the size of the basic unemployment benefit is 250 soms per month, while the number of beneficiaries reached 6.3 thousand unemployed. One of the main trends in employment is now the development of small and medium businesses.
Employment Services of the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare, in collaboration with local state. administrations during the 1998-2000 creation but 8 of the Centers for microcredit lending to the unemployed communities, ranging from 10 to 30 basic allowance for each member of the community by 24% per annum for a period of 4 months. When the effective conduct of business activities and the timely return as ma logo credit and interest for its use, the community is entitled to receive after blowing loan amount increased by 20% of the initial amount of credit used. Positive moment in the micro rokreditovaniya is a full refund by the user of microcredit funds and interest for its use.
One of the priorities for the near future should consider the development of social partnership between government, organized governmental organizations and trade unions in conducting employment policy. Tion mechanism for the realization of it is a tripartite council, principles tsipy to-cerned were the basis of the Law On Employment Promotion.
Protection of labor and industrial relations. Due to structural transformations in the economy of the republic have been significant changes in the forms of management of enterprises and organizations. Individual management functions have been lost. First of all, it refers to a system of control and supervision of the conservation status of employee welfare, compliance with labor legislation. Therefore, established State. Labour Inspectorate under the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Republic of Kyr gyzskoy (1999). It is charged with overseeing and monitoring the implementation of the ministries of state. committees are guided by the properties, businesses, institutions and organizations irrespective of their actual STI, the scope of economic activities and guided GOVERNMENTAL supplies, labor laws and regulations for its protection. In particular, for compliance engineering secu ty. State. Labour Inspectorate under the Ministry of Labour and Social Security only to the 2000 implementation of more than 1,100 audit schestvleno businesses and organizations. In this case revealed 6500 violations tions. Penalties imposed on the total amount of 200 thousand soms. As a result of checks paid working delayed wages and various types of compensation amounting to about 6 million soms.
The republic government control over the level of remuneration it is mainly in the public sector. The most you soky wage industries are finance and insurance, communications, industry, raising and construction. Salary pa workers lending and insurance accounted for 4432.8 em som per month, and wages of health workers, with social services – 572.9 soms. The size of minimal salary exceeds sequentially, according to the economic possibilities possibility of the republic. To date, it is set at 100 soms. Salaries of employees of budgetary institutions increase by 20% Schoen (2000).
Beginning in 1997, decided on the first position tive steps in the development of social partnership properties in the area of labor relations.